Artificial Insemination (AI) is a fertility treatment in which previously prepared and concentrated sperm is deposited directly into the uterus during the ovulatory period to increase the chances of fertilization. By placing sperm closer to the egg at the most fertile moment of the cycle, AI improves the likelihood of pregnancy while remaining a minimally invasive and relatively simple treatment option. AI is commonly recommended in cases of mild male factor infertility, treated ovulation disorders, mild endometriosis, unexplained infertility, or when donor sperm is needed, such as in couples of women. It is also often used as a first-line fertility treatment before considering more complex options like IVF. Before starting the cycle, a basic fertility evaluation is performed. This includes seminal analysis, review of menstrual cycles, and assessment of ovulatory function. Depending on the individual case, the cycle may proceed naturally or include gentle ovarian stimulation to optimize ovulation. The medical team determines the most appropriate protocol based on age, ovarian reserve, sperm quality, and reproductive history. Accurate ovulation monitoring is a key component of AI. Follicular development is tracked using transvaginal ultrasound and hormonal blood tests to precisely identify the timing of ovulation. This allows insemination to be scheduled during the period of maximum fertility. On the day of insemination, the semen sample is prepared in the laboratory using specialized sperm training techniques. This process concentrates the most motile sperm cells, removes seminal plasma, and eliminates substances that could cause adverse reactions, resulting in an optimized sample for fertilization. The insemination procedure itself is simple and virtually painless, similar to a routine gynecological exam. A thin, sterile catheter is gently inserted through the cervix to deposit the prepared sperm directly into the uterus. The procedure typically takes 5–10 minutes and does not require anesthesia. Most patients are able to resume normal activities immediately afterward. Following insemination, luteal phase support may be prescribed if needed. Patients are monitored for symptoms and overall well-being, and a pregnancy test is performed approximately 14 days after the procedure. Based on the outcome, the care team discusses next steps and whether to repeat the treatment or consider alternative options. Success rates with AI vary primarily by age. For women under 35, pregnancy rates are approximately 15–20% per cycle; between ages 35 and 40, rates are around 10–15% per cycle; and over 40, success rates are generally below 10% per cycle. Other factors, such as sperm quality, ovarian reserve, and precise timing of ovulation, also play an important role. In most cases, 3–6 AI cycles are recommended before considering IVF, depending on individual circumstances. If pregnancy does not occur after 3–4 cycles, more advanced fertility treatments may be discussed.