A dental cleaning is a preventive dental procedure designed to remove plaque, tartar (calculus), and surface stains from the teeth, helping to prevent cavities, gum disease, and other oral health problems. Even with good brushing and flossing at home, plaque can harden into tartar in hard-to-reach areas, which can only be safely removed by a dental professional. Routine cleanings are typically recommended every six months, though some patients may need them more frequently. The procedure usually begins with an examination by a dental hygienist, who checks the teeth and gums for signs of decay, inflammation, or gum disease and may review recent X-rays if needed. Scaling is then performed to remove plaque and tartar buildup. This is often done using an ultrasonic scaler, which uses gentle vibrations and water spray to break up larger deposits, followed by hand instruments (scalers and curettes) for precise cleaning, including below the gumline. After scaling, the teeth are polished using a rotating brush and a gritty prophylaxis paste to remove surface stains and smooth the tooth surfaces, making it harder for plaque to adhere. The hygienist then flosses between the teeth to remove any remaining debris and reinforce proper flossing technique. You’ll rinse to clear away residue, and in many cases, a fluoride treatment is applied to strengthen tooth enamel and provide added cavity protection. The visit typically concludes with a final exam by the dentist, who confirms oral health status and may perform an oral cancer screening.