Exodontia refers to the planned removal of a tooth or retained tooth root from its socket in the alveolar bone. It is one of the most common dental surgical procedures and is performed when a tooth is severely decayed, fractured beyond repair, infected, impacted (such as wisdom teeth), causing crowding, or interfering with orthodontic or restorative treatment. The primary goals of exodontia are to relieve pain or infection, preserve surrounding bone and soft tissue, and support proper healing. Before the procedure, the dentist or oral surgeon performs a clinical examination and reviews dental X-rays to assess root shape, bone density, proximity to nerves or sinuses, and overall complexity. Extractions are typically classified as simple or surgical. Simple extractions involve fully erupted teeth and are removed using elevators to loosen the tooth and forceps to gently extract it. Surgical extractions are required for impacted teeth, broken teeth, or retained roots and may involve making a small incision, removing bone, or sectioning the tooth into pieces for safer removal. Exodontia is most often performed under local anesthesia to numb the area, though sedation or general anesthesia may be used for anxious patients or complex cases. After removal, the socket is cleaned, and pressure is applied to control bleeding. In some cases, sutures or bone graft material may be placed to support healing or future implant placement. Post-operative care is essential for proper recovery and includes biting on gauze to control bleeding, avoiding smoking or suction (to prevent dry socket), maintaining good oral hygiene without disturbing the site, and managing swelling or discomfort with medications as directed. Initial healing occurs over 1–2 weeks, while complete bone remodeling may take several months. When performed carefully, exodontia results in predictable healing and allows for successful follow-up treatments such as implants, bridges, or orthodontic correction.