A fluoride treatment is a professional dental procedure in which a dentist or hygienist applies a high-concentration fluoride directly to the teeth to strengthen enamel and protect against cavities. Fluoride works by remineralizing weakened enamel, making teeth more resistant to acid attacks from plaque bacteria and sugars. Because professional fluoride contains much higher concentrations than toothpaste or over-the-counter rinses, it provides added protection for patients at higher risk of tooth decay or sensitivity. Fluoride treatments are commonly applied as a varnish, gel, or foam. Varnish is painted directly onto the teeth and hardens quickly on contact with saliva, making it especially useful for children and patients with sensitive teeth. Gel or foam treatments are typically placed into trays that fit over the teeth and left in place for several minutes. The procedure is quick, painless, and often performed at the end of a routine dental cleaning. This treatment is recommended for children as their permanent teeth develop, as well as adults who are prone to cavities, have dry mouth, gum recession, exposed roots, frequent dental restorations, or a history of tooth decay. Depending on individual risk factors, fluoride treatments may be recommended every 3, 6, or 12 months. After treatment, patients are advised to avoid eating or drinking for about 30 minutes and to delay brushing or flossing for several hours to allow maximum fluoride absorption.