A gingivectomy is a dental surgical procedure that removes excess, overgrown, or diseased gum tissue (gingiva) to improve oral health, reduce infection, and in some cases enhance the appearance of the smile. It is most commonly performed to treat moderate to advanced gum disease (periodontitis) when deep gum pockets form around the teeth, trapping bacteria that cannot be adequately cleaned with routine brushing, flossing, or professional scaling alone. Gingivectomy may also be performed for cosmetic reasons, such as correcting a “gummy smile,” or to address gum overgrowth caused by certain medications. Before the procedure, a dentist or periodontist evaluates gum health using periodontal measurements, X-rays, and a clinical exam to determine the depth of gum pockets and extent of disease. Gingivectomy is typically performed under local anesthesia, allowing the patient to remain awake but comfortable. During the procedure, the clinician carefully trims away the excess or infected gum tissue using a scalpel, electrosurgery, or laser technology. In many cases, the procedure is combined with gingivoplasty, which reshapes the remaining gum tissue to create a smooth, natural contour around the teeth. Once the diseased tissue is removed, the area is thoroughly cleaned to eliminate bacteria and debris. Depending on the technique used and extent of tissue removal, sutures may be placed, and a protective periodontal dressing is often applied to shield the surgical site during early healing. The removed gum tissue does not grow back; instead, the gums heal into a new, healthier shape with shallower pockets that are easier to keep clean. Recovery typically takes about one week. Patients may experience mild soreness, swelling, or sensitivity, which is usually manageable with over-the-counter pain medication and cold compresses. Postoperative care is essential and includes gentle oral hygiene, use of prescribed antibacterial mouth rinses, and avoiding hard or spicy foods during healing. When performed for gum disease, gingivectomy can significantly reduce infection risk and improve long-term tooth stability. When done for cosmetic reasons, it can create a more balanced, aesthetically pleasing smile.