Macular hole surgery is performed to repair a small opening in the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. A macular hole can cause blurred or distorted central vision and difficulty with tasks such as reading or recognizing faces. Before surgery, patients undergo detailed retinal imaging to confirm the diagnosis and assess hole size and duration. This information helps guide treatment planning and prognosis. The procedure typically involves vitrectomy to remove the vitreous gel, followed by placement of a gas bubble to support closure of the macular hole. Patients may be required to maintain specific head positioning during early recovery to optimize healing. Macular hole surgery has a high success rate, especially when performed early. Vision improvement occurs gradually over weeks to months as the retina heals.