Ovulation induction is a fertility treatment that involves stimulating the ovaries with hormonal medications to promote the development and release of one or more eggs. It is used in women who do not ovulate regularly or whose ovulation needs to be synchronized and optimized to increase the chances of achieving pregnancy, either naturally or in combination with artificial insemination. This treatment is commonly recommended for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hypothalamic amenorrhea, ovulation disorders, or chronically anovulatory or irregular menstrual cycles. Ovulation induction is also frequently used as preparation for artificial insemination in patients with unpredictable ovulation patterns. The process begins with a comprehensive hormonal and metabolic evaluation. Blood tests typically include follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), androgen levels, and metabolic markers. This detailed evaluation allows the medical team to identify the underlying cause of anovulation and design a personalized treatment protocol. Based on this evaluation, a customized medication plan is created. The type, dosage, and combination of medications are selected according to individual factors such as ovarian reserve, age, body mass index (BMI), previous responses to treatment, genetic studies, and specific diagnosis. The goal is to stimulate follicular development in a controlled and predictable manner. Response to ovulation induction is closely monitored throughout the cycle. Transvaginal ultrasound examinations are performed every 2–3 days to measure follicular growth, and serial hormone tests are used to track estrogen levels and identify the ovulatory peak. Medication doses are adjusted as needed to optimize response while minimizing risks. When a dominant follicle reaches the appropriate size—typically between 18 and 20 mm—final ovulation-triggering medication is administered. The medical team then coordinates the optimal timing for either scheduled intercourse or artificial insemination to coincide precisely with ovulation. After ovulation, confirmation is performed using post-ovulatory ultrasound and serum progesterone testing. Luteal phase support may be prescribed if needed, and follow-up care is provided to evaluate the outcome of the cycle and plan future treatment if necessary. Ovulation induction is generally well tolerated. Temporary side effects may include abdominal bloating, breast tenderness, fluid retention, fatigue, or mild discomfort, all of which typically resolve within a few days. Potential risks include ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, multiple pregnancy, and temporary ovarian cysts; however, careful monitoring and individualized dosing significantly reduce these risks.