Root canal therapy is a dental procedure used to treat infection or inflammation inside the tooth, specifically within the pulp, which contains nerves and blood vessels. Infection can occur due to deep decay, cracks, repeated dental procedures, or trauma. Without treatment, the infection may spread, leading to pain, abscess formation, or tooth loss. The process begins with a thorough evaluation, including dental imaging, to assess the extent of infection and surrounding structures. During the procedure, local anesthesia is used to ensure comfort. The dentist carefully removes the infected pulp, cleans and disinfects the root canals, and seals them to prevent reinfection. After the root canal is completed, the tooth is typically restored with a crown to protect it and restore full function. Modern root canal therapy is highly effective and designed to relieve pain rather than cause it, with most patients experiencing significant symptom improvement shortly after treatment. Root canal therapy allows patients to preserve their natural tooth, maintain proper chewing function, and avoid the need for extraction or more complex restorative procedures.