Simple knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat common knee problems that cause pain, swelling, locking, or mechanical symptoms that have not improved with non-surgical treatments such as rest, medication, injections, or physical therapy. It is most often performed for issues involving the meniscus, cartilage surfaces, loose fragments inside the joint, or mild ligament-related problems. Because the knee joint is enclosed and complex, arthroscopy allows the surgeon to look directly inside the joint and address problems during the same procedure when appropriate. Before surgery, patients typically undergo a physical examination and imaging studies such as X-rays or MRI to evaluate the knee. Simple knee arthroscopy is usually performed as an outpatient procedure under general anesthesia or regional anesthesia. During the operation, the surgeon makes two or three very small incisions (called portals) around the kneecap. A thin camera (arthroscope) is inserted through one portal, and sterile saline fluid is introduced into the joint to gently expand it, providing a clear, magnified view of the knee’s internal structures on a video monitor. Specialized instruments are inserted through the other portals to examine and treat the joint. A simple knee arthroscopy may be diagnostic—used to identify the source of unexplained knee pain—or therapeutic, addressing problems found during the procedure. Common treatments include trimming or repairing torn meniscus tissue, smoothing or removing damaged cartilage, removing loose bone or cartilage fragments, and treating inflamed synovial tissue. While arthroscopy can effectively treat mechanical problems, it is generally not recommended as a long-term solution for moderate to severe osteoarthritis, as evidence shows limited benefit for degenerative joint disease. After surgery, the incisions are closed with small stitches or adhesive strips and covered with dressings. Most patients go home the same day. Early recovery focuses on controlling swelling with elevation and ice, keeping the incisions clean and dry, and gradually returning to movement. Pain is typically mild to moderate and manageable with medication. Physical therapy is often recommended to restore strength, motion, and stability. Recovery time varies depending on the findings and treatment performed, but most patients experience faster healing and less discomfort compared to open knee surgery, with good outcomes when arthroscopy is used for appropriate indications.