Trabeculectomy is a surgical procedure used to lower intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma when medications and laser treatments are no longer effective. Elevated eye pressure can damage the optic nerve and lead to progressive vision loss, making pressure control critical to preserving sight. Before surgery, patients undergo a comprehensive glaucoma evaluation, including eye pressure measurements, optic nerve imaging, and visual field testing. This assessment helps determine whether trabeculectomy is the most appropriate treatment and guides surgical planning. During the procedure, the surgeon creates a small drainage pathway that allows excess fluid to exit the eye and be absorbed naturally by surrounding tissues. The surgery is performed under local or regional anesthesia and is carefully designed to balance pressure reduction with eye safety. Trabeculectomy has a long track record of effectiveness in slowing glaucoma progression. Ongoing follow-up care is essential to monitor healing, eye pressure, and long-term outcomes.